Neurobiology
Neurobiology
Neurobiology (pronounced: /ˌnʊəroʊbaɪˈɒlədʒi/) is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of the nervous system, particularly its structure, function, and development. The term is derived from the Greek words "neuron" meaning nerve and "biology" meaning the study of life.
History
The study of neurobiology dates back to ancient times, but it was not until the 20th century that it became a distinct scientific discipline. Early studies were primarily focused on understanding the basic structure and function of the nervous system.
Branches of Neurobiology
Neurobiology can be further divided into several sub-disciplines, including:
- Molecular neurobiology: This branch focuses on the study of the nervous system at a molecular level. It involves the study of how genes, proteins, and other molecules are involved in neural development and function.
- Cellular neurobiology: This branch focuses on the study of neurons at a cellular level. This includes understanding the properties of individual neurons, how they function, and how they interact with each other.
- Systems neurobiology: This branch focuses on how different neural circuits function and interact to produce behavior and perception.
- Cognitive neurobiology: This branch focuses on how the brain supports cognition and behavior. This includes studying how different brain regions are involved in memory, attention, perception, action, and language.
- Computational neurobiology: This branch uses mathematical models and theoretical analysis to understand the principles that govern the structure and function of the nervous system.
Related Terms
- Neuron: The basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
- Neuroscience: An interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields to understand the nervous system.
- Neuroanatomy: The study of the structure of the nervous system.
- Neurophysiology: The study of the function of the nervous system.
- Neuropathology: The study of disease of nervous system tissue.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Neurobiology
- Wikipedia's article - Neurobiology
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