Nematodes
Nematodes
Nematodes (pronounced: /ˈnɛmətoʊdz/), also known as roundworms, are a diverse group of invertebrates belonging to the phylum Nematoda. They are one of the most abundant types of animals on Earth, found in nearly every environment, including soil, water, and as parasites in plants and animals.
Etymology
The term "nematode" comes from the Greek words nēma, which means "thread", and eidos, meaning "form" or "shape". This refers to the thread-like appearance of these organisms.
Characteristics
Nematodes are typically microscopic, although some species can be seen with the naked eye. They have a simple body structure, with a hollow gut running from the mouth to the anus, and a fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelom. Their bodies are covered by a tough cuticle, which molts as the nematode grows.
Classification
Nematodes are classified into several orders and families, based on their morphology and lifestyle. Some of the major groups include:
- Rhabditida: These are mostly free-living nematodes, but some are parasitic.
- Ascaridida: This group includes many of the parasitic nematodes that infect humans and other animals.
- Spirurida: These nematodes are primarily parasites of vertebrates.
Medical Importance
Many nematodes are of medical importance due to their ability to cause disease in humans and other animals. Some of the most significant nematode diseases include:
- Ascariasis: Caused by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, this is one of the most common nematode infections in humans.
- Trichinosis: This disease is caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis, which is contracted by eating undercooked meat containing the larvae.
- Filariasis: This group of diseases is caused by nematodes of the family Filarioidea, and includes conditions such as elephantiasis and river blindness.
Related Terms
- Helminths: A broad term for parasitic worms, including nematodes, flatworms, and others.
- Parasitology: The study of parasites, including nematodes.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nematodes
- Wikipedia's article - Nematodes
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