Major depressive disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations. It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause.
Pronunciation: /ˈmeɪdʒər dɪˈprɛsɪv dɪsˈɔːdər/
Etymology: The term "major depressive disorder" was introduced by the psychiatric community in the DSM-III in 1980.
Symptoms
People with a major depressive episode may not have any interest or pleasure in activities, including ones that had previously been enjoyable. Other symptoms include:
- Feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness
- Tiredness and lack of energy
- Difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Causes
The cause of major depressive disorder is not known. It is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include a family history of the condition, major life changes, certain medications, chronic health problems, and substance abuse.
Treatment
Treatment may involve psychotherapy, antidepressants, or electroconvulsive therapy. Hospitalization may occur if a person is at risk for harming themselves or others.
Related Terms
- Depression (mood): A state of low mood and aversion to activity.
- Dysthymia: A persistent mild depression.
- Bipolar disorder: A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.
- Seasonal affective disorder: A type of depression that's related to changes in seasons.
- Postpartum depression: A type of mood disorder associated with childbirth.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Major depressive disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Major depressive disorder
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