Dysthymia

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Dysthymia

Dysthymia (pronounced dis-THIE-me-uh), also known as Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), is a type of chronic depression that lasts for a long period of time, often two years or more.

Etymology

The term "dysthymia" comes from the Greek words "dys", meaning ill or bad, and "thymia", meaning spirit or soul. It was first used in the psychiatric literature in the 1970s to describe a depressive condition that was less severe but more chronic than major depressive disorder.

Symptoms

People with dysthymia may experience symptoms such as:

  • Low mood, sadness, or feeling down
  • Lack of interest in activities once enjoyed
  • Changes in appetite or weight
  • Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
  • Low energy or fatigue
  • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
  • Thoughts of death or suicide

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of dysthymia is typically made by a psychiatrist or psychologist after a thorough clinical interview. This may include asking about the person's mood, appetite, sleep patterns, energy levels, and thoughts. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria are often used to make the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for dysthymia typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to help individuals change negative thought patterns and behaviors. Medications such as antidepressants may also be used to help manage symptoms.

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