Heart defect
Heart Defect
A Heart Defect (pronunciation: /hɑːrt dɪˈfɛkt/) is a general term referring to abnormalities in the structure of the heart that are present at birth. These defects can involve the interior walls of the heart, the valves inside the heart, and the arteries and veins that carry blood to the heart or the body.
Etymology
The term "Heart Defect" is derived from the Latin words 'cor' meaning heart, and 'defectus' meaning failure or lack.
Types of Heart Defects
There are many types of congenital heart defects. They range from simple defects with no symptoms to complex defects with severe, life-threatening symptoms. These are the most common types:
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart.
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): A hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart.
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): A usually harmless defect that occurs when the ductus arteriosus, an arterial shunt in fetal life, fails to close after birth.
- Tetralogy of Fallot: A complex heart defect that involves four anatomical abnormalities of the heart.
Causes
The exact cause of a heart defect is often unknown. Certain genetic and environmental risk factors may play a role, including:
- Genetic disorders: Certain genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, are associated with an increased risk of heart defects.
- Maternal diseases: Certain conditions, such as diabetes and lupus, can increase a pregnant woman's risk of having a child with a heart defect.
- Medications: Certain medications taken during pregnancy can cause heart defects.
Treatment
Treatment for a heart defect depends on the type and severity of the defect. Some babies and children with heart defects need no treatment, while others may require medications, procedures, or heart surgery.
Related Terms
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