Foam cells
Foam Cells
Foam cells (/foʊm sɛlz/) are a type of macrophage that have engulfed large amounts of lipid, giving them a foamy appearance under a microscope. They are a component of atherosclerosis plaques and are commonly found in artery walls.
Etymology
The term "foam cell" is derived from their appearance, as these cells look foamy due to the numerous lipid-filled vesicles in their cytoplasm.
Formation
Foam cells are formed when macrophages take up low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that has undergone oxidative modification. The oxidized LDL is recognized by scavenger receptors on the macrophage, leading to internalization of the LDL particles and formation of the foam cell.
Role in Disease
Foam cells play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries. The accumulation of foam cells in the artery wall forms a fatty streak, which is the earliest visible lesion of atherosclerosis. Over time, the fatty streak can evolve into a more complex atherosclerotic plaque, which can lead to heart attacks or strokes.
Related Terms
- Macrophage
- Atherosclerosis
- Artery
- Low-density lipoprotein
- Oxidative modification
- Scavenger receptor
- Fatty streak
- Atherosclerotic plaque
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Foam cells
- Wikipedia's article - Foam cells
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