Macrophages
Macrophages
Macrophages (/məˈkrɒfədʒ, -feɪdʒ/; from Greek μακρός (makrós) = large, φαγεῖν (phagein) = to eat) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis.
Etymology
The term "macrophage" is derived from the Greek words "makros," meaning large, and "phagein," which means to eat. This name is fitting, as these cells are known for their ability to consume other cells and particles.
Function
Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune system. They are involved in the detection, phagocytosis, and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms. In addition, they can also present antigens to T cells and initiate inflammation by releasing molecules that activate other cells.
Types
There are several types of macrophages:
- Monocytes: These are the largest type of white blood cell and can differentiate into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells.
- Histocytes: These are found in tissues and give rise to macrophages.
- Kupffer cells: These are macrophages specific to the liver.
- Alveolar macrophages: These are found in the lungs and are also known as dust cells.
- Microglia: These are found in the brain and spinal cord.
Related Terms
- Phagocytosis: The process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome.
- Antigen: A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
- Inflammation: A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Macrophages
- Wikipedia's article - Macrophages
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