Distraction osteogenesis
Distraction Osteogenesis
Distraction osteogenesis (pronunciation: dis-trac-tion os-teo-gen-e-sis) is a surgical process used to reconstruct skeletal deformities and lengthen the long bones of the body. The term is derived from the Latin word distrahere meaning "to pull apart" and the Greek word osteogenesis meaning "creation of bone".
Procedure
The procedure involves the surgical cutting of the bone and gradual pulling apart of the bone segments to allow new bone to form in the gap. This is achieved by using a specialized device known as a distraction device. The rate and rhythm of distraction are critical factors in achieving successful bone formation.
Applications
Distraction osteogenesis has been used in various fields of medicine including orthopedics, craniofacial surgery, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is used to treat conditions such as limb length discrepancy, nonunion fractures, and various syndromes involving craniofacial anomalies such as Crouzon syndrome and Apert syndrome.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The main advantage of distraction osteogenesis is that it allows for the creation of new bone and soft tissue, including nerves and blood vessels, without the need for grafts. However, the procedure is technically demanding and requires a long treatment period. Complications can include infection, nerve damage, and problems with the distraction device.
History
The concept of distraction osteogenesis was first introduced by the Russian orthopedic surgeon, Gavriil Ilizarov, in the 1950s. He discovered that new bone could be formed by gradually distracting the bone segments after osteotomy.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Distraction osteogenesis
- Wikipedia's article - Distraction osteogenesis
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