Cytolysin
Cytolysin
Cytolysin (/saɪˈtɒlɪsɪn/; from the Greek words kytos meaning "cell" and lysis meaning "loosening") is a type of protein that is capable of making cell membranes permeable, leading to cell lysis or cell death.
Cytolysins are produced by various types of microorganisms, including certain bacteria and fungi. They are a type of toxin and play a significant role in the pathogenicity of these organisms.
Function
Cytolysins function by forming pores in the cell membrane, which disrupts the balance of ions and other molecules inside and outside the cell. This can lead to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis.
Types
There are several types of cytolysins, including hemolysins, which specifically target red blood cells, and leukocidins, which target white blood cells.
Clinical significance
Cytolysins are significant in clinical medicine because they contribute to the virulence of many pathogenic bacteria and fungi. They can cause a variety of diseases, including pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cytolysin
- Wikipedia's article - Cytolysin
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