Fungi

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Fungi

Fungi (pronounced: /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/ or /ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/) are a group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separate from other eukaryotic life forms like plants and animals.

Etymology

The word "fungi" is derived from the Latin word "fungus," which originally meant "mushroom." It was adopted by the scientific community in the early 19th century as a term for the newly defined taxonomic kingdom.

Characteristics

Fungi are characterized by their chitinous cell walls and heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They absorb nutrients from their environment through their cell walls, a process facilitated by enzymes that break down complex molecules into simpler compounds.

Classification

Fungi are classified into several phyla, including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota. Each phylum is further divided into classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

Role in Ecosystem

Fungi play a crucial role in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem. They are the primary decomposers in many environments, breaking down organic material into simpler compounds that can be used by other organisms.

Medical Relevance

Some fungi are pathogenic to humans and can cause diseases such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and histoplasmosis. However, many fungi also have beneficial uses in medicine. For example, the antibiotic penicillin is derived from the fungus Penicillium.

Related Terms

  • Mycology: The scientific study of fungi.
  • Mycosis: A disease caused by infection with a fungus.
  • Mycotoxin: A toxic compound produced by a fungus.

External links

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