Congenital contractures
Congenital Contractures
Congenital contractures (pronunciation: kənˈjenɪtəl kənˈtrækʧərz) are a group of conditions characterized by the abnormal shortening of muscles or tendons, which results in deformity or distortion. These conditions are present at birth and can affect any part of the body, including the arms, legs, fingers, toes, and even the spine.
Etymology
The term "congenital" comes from the Latin word "congenitus," which means "born with." "Contracture" is derived from the Latin word "contractura," which means "a drawing together."
Types of Congenital Contractures
There are several types of congenital contractures, including:
- Arthrogryposis - This is a condition characterized by multiple joint contractures and can involve the arms, legs, and spine.
- Clubfoot - This is a condition in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position.
- Hip Dysplasia - This is a condition in which the hip joint is not properly formed, leading to hip dislocation and contracture.
Causes
The exact cause of congenital contractures is not known. However, they are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some possible causes include:
- Genetic Disorders - Certain genetic disorders, such as Marfan Syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, can cause congenital contractures.
- Intrauterine Positioning - The position of the fetus in the womb can affect the development of the muscles and tendons, leading to contractures.
- Neuromuscular Disorders - Conditions that affect the nerves and muscles, such as Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Cerebral Palsy, can cause contractures.
Treatment
Treatment for congenital contractures depends on the severity and location of the contractures. Some possible treatments include:
- Physical Therapy - This involves exercises and stretches to improve flexibility and strength.
- Surgery - In severe cases, surgery may be needed to correct the contracture.
- Orthotics - These are devices that are worn to help improve mobility and function.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Congenital contractures
- Wikipedia's article - Congenital contractures
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