Cellular structures
Cellular Structures
Cellular structures are the various components that make up a cell, each with specific functions that contribute to the overall operation of the cell. These structures include the Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, and Ribosomes.
Pronunciation
Cellular Structures: /ˈsɛljʊlər ˈstrʌktʃər/
Etymology
The term "cellular structures" is derived from the Latin word "cellula", meaning a small room, and the Latin word "structura", meaning a fitting together, building.
Cell Membrane
The Cell membrane (pronounced /sɛl ˈmɛmbreɪn/) is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It is also known as the plasma membrane.
Cytoplasm
The Cytoplasm (pronounced /ˈsaɪtəˌplæzəm/) is a jelly-like substance within the cell in which other cellular components are found. It is where most cellular activities occur.
Nucleus
The Nucleus (pronounced /ˈnjuːkliəs/) is the control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA).
Mitochondria
The Mitochondria (pronounced /ˌmaɪtəˈkɒndrɪə/) are known as the powerhouses of the cell, as they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Endoplasmic reticulum (pronounced /ˌɛndəˈplæzmɪk rɪˈtɪkjʊləm/) is a network of tubules, vesicles, and sacs that are interconnected. They play a key role in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus (pronounced /ˈɡɒldʒi æpəˈrætəs/) is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell.
Lysosomes
The Lysosomes (pronounced /ˈlaɪsəˌsoʊmz/) are the digestive system of the cell, breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
Ribosomes
The Ribosomes (pronounced /ˈraɪbəˌsoʊmz/) are the protein builders of the cell, linking amino acids together in the order specified by the DNA.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cellular structures
- Wikipedia's article - Cellular structures
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