Carbamates
Carbamates
Carbamates (pronounced: kar-buh-meyts) are a class of organic compounds that are derived from carbamic acid (NH2COOH). They are widely used in a variety of applications, including as pesticides, fungicides, and pharmaceuticals.
Etymology
The term "carbamate" comes from the word "carbamic acid", which is itself derived from the combination of "carbon" and "ammonia". The suffix "-ate" is used to denote a salt or ester of an acid.
Structure
Carbamates have the general structure R-O-CO-NH2, where R is an organic group. The carbamate group (-O-CO-NH2) is a functional group that consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) linked to an amine group (NH2) through an oxygen atom.
Uses
Pesticide carbamates are used to control a wide variety of pests, including insects, mites, and nematodes. They work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for nerve function in insects.
Pharmaceutical carbamates, on the other hand, are used in the treatment of a variety of conditions, including glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson's disease. They are also used as muscle relaxants and anti-anxiety agents.
Related Terms
- Carbamic acid: The parent compound of carbamates.
- Acetylcholinesterase: The enzyme that is inhibited by pesticide carbamates.
- Nematodes: A type of pest that can be controlled using carbamate pesticides.
- Glaucoma: A condition that can be treated using carbamate pharmaceuticals.
- Myasthenia gravis: A condition that can be treated using carbamate pharmaceuticals.
- Parkinson's disease: A condition that can be treated using carbamate pharmaceuticals.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Carbamates
- Wikipedia's article - Carbamates
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