Beta-2 microglobulin

Beta-2 microglobulin (pronounced: BAY-tuh 2 MY-kroh-gloh-byoo-lin) is a protein found on the surface of many cells, including lymphocytes, and in small amounts in blood and urine.

Etymology

The term "Beta-2 microglobulin" is derived from its protein structure. It is the beta-2 subunit of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system.

Function

Beta-2 microglobulin associates with the alpha chain of the MHC class I molecule to form the functional peptide-presenting protein. It plays a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity and the body's defense against pathogens.

Clinical significance

Increased levels of beta-2 microglobulin can indicate disease, particularly conditions that affect the immune system such as HIV/AIDS, multiple myeloma, and some types of lymphoma. It is also used as a marker for certain kidney conditions, as it is normally filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and its levels can therefore indicate kidney function.

Related terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Beta-2 microglobulin
Wikipedia's article - Beta-2 microglobulin

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Beta-2 microglobulin