Amelogenin
Amelogenin
Amelogenin (pronounced: a-melo-genin) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the development and formation of enamel in teeth. It is one of the primary components of the enamel matrix in developing teeth, and mutations in the amelogenin gene can lead to enamel hypoplasia, a condition characterized by underdeveloped or thin tooth enamel.
Etymology
The term "amelogenin" is derived from the Greek words "amelos" meaning enamel and "gen" meaning producing. It was first identified and named in the late 20th century when scientists began to understand the molecular mechanisms behind tooth development.
Function
Amelogenin is secreted by ameloblasts, the cells responsible for producing enamel during tooth development. It helps to control the growth and arrangement of hydroxyapatite crystals, the mineral component of enamel, during the process of biomineralization. This ensures that the enamel is formed correctly and is strong enough to withstand the forces of chewing.
Related Terms
- Ameloblasts: The cells that produce enamel during tooth development.
- Enamel: The hard, outermost layer of a tooth.
- Hydroxyapatite: The mineral component of enamel and bone.
- Biomineralization: The process by which living organisms produce minerals, often to harden or stiffen existing tissues.
Genetic Aspects
The amelogenin gene is located on the X and Y chromosomes. Mutations in this gene can lead to amelogenesis imperfecta, a group of rare genetic conditions involving abnormal enamel formation. The condition can result in teeth that are discolored, pitted, easily broken, or missing entirely.
See Also
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