Acute decompensated heart failure
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) (pronunciation: /əˈkjuːt diːkɒmpɛnˈseɪtɪd hɑːrt ˈfeɪljər/) is a sudden or gradual onset of heart failure symptoms, which typically include difficulty breathing (dyspnea), swelling in the legs, ankles and feet (edema), and fatigue.
Etymology
The term "acute decompensated heart failure" is derived from the Latin words "acutus" meaning sharp or severe, "de-" meaning down, and "compensare" meaning to weigh, balance, or make up for. The term "heart failure" comes from the Old English "heorte" and "fǣlan" meaning to fail.
Symptoms
The symptoms of ADHF can vary, but they typically include:
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Edema (swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet)
- Fatigue
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
- Reduced ability to exercise
- Persistent cough or wheezing
- Increased need to urinate at night
- Swelling of your abdomen (ascites)
Causes
ADHF can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:
- Coronary artery disease
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Faulty heart valves
- Damage to the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
- Myocarditis
- Congenital heart defects
- Arrhythmias
- Chronic diseases such as diabetes, HIV, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or a buildup of iron (hemochromatosis) or protein (amyloidosis)
Treatment
Treatment for ADHF typically involves medications to improve the symptoms and treat the underlying cause of the condition. This may include:
- Diuretics
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers
- Beta blockers
- Aldosterone antagonists
- Inotropes
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Acute decompensated heart failure
- Wikipedia's article - Acute decompensated heart failure
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