Waidan

Waidan, also known as External Alchemy, is a traditional Chinese alchemical practice focused on the creation of elixirs through chemical processes. It is one of the two main branches of Chinese alchemy, the other being Neidan or Internal Alchemy.

History

Waidan has a long history in China, with its origins dating back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). The practice was heavily influenced by Taoism, and many of its practitioners were Taoist monks and scholars. Waidan was widely practiced until the Song Dynasty (960 – 1279), after which it gradually declined in popularity.

Practice

The practice of Waidan involves the use of various substances, including minerals, plants, and animal products, in complex chemical processes to create elixirs. These elixirs were believed to have various effects, including the ability to grant immortality, cure diseases, and transform base metals into gold.

Relation to Neidan

While Waidan and Neidan are both branches of Chinese alchemy, they differ significantly in their practices and goals. While Waidan focuses on the creation of physical elixirs, Neidan focuses on spiritual and physical cultivation through meditation and other internal practices.

Criticism and Controversy

Waidan has been criticized for its association with the pursuit of immortality and the creation of gold, goals which are seen as unrealistic and potentially dangerous. The practice has also been associated with instances of poisoning due to the use of toxic substances in the creation of elixirs.

See Also

• Chinese alchemy
• Neidan
• Taoism

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  Alchemical refining furnace
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  Liu Ding