Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme

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Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (Awake, calls the voice to us), BWV 140, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is one of his most well-known and frequently performed cantatas. The cantata was composed in Leipzig for the 27th Sunday after Trinity and was first performed on 25 November 1731.

History and Text

The text of the cantata is based on the hymn "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" by Philipp Nicolai, which was written in 1599. The hymn is a chorale and is known for its eschatological themes, reflecting the Parable of the Ten Virgins from the Gospel of Matthew.

Structure and Scoring

The cantata is structured in seven movements and is scored for four-part choir, horn, two oboes, bassoon, violino piccolo, two violins, viola, and continuo.

1. Chorale: "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme"
2. Recitative (tenor): "Er kommt, er kommt, der Bräut'gam kommt"
3. Aria (soprano, bass): "Wann kommst du, mein Heil?"
4. Chorale: "Zion hört die Wächter singen"
5. Recitative (bass): "So geh herein zu mir"
6. Aria (soprano, bass): "Mein Freund ist mein!"
7. Chorale: "Gloria sei dir gesungen"

Musical Analysis

The opening chorale is a majestic and uplifting movement that sets the tone for the entire cantata. The fourth movement, "Zion hört die Wächter singen," is particularly famous and is often performed separately as a chorale prelude for organ. The cantata concludes with a harmonized chorale that brings the work to a triumphant close.

Performance History

"Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme" has been widely performed and recorded. It remains a staple in the repertoire of Baroque music and is frequently featured in concerts and church services, especially during the Advent season.

Legacy

The cantata has had a lasting impact on both sacred music and classical music in general. It is considered one of Bach's masterpieces and continues to be studied and admired for its intricate structure and profound spiritual depth.

See Also

• Johann Sebastian Bach
• Church cantata
• Baroque music
• Chorale
• Parable of the Ten Virgins