Vesivirus

A virus affecting cats

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a virus that is a member of the Caliciviridae family, specifically within the Vesivirus genus. It is a significant pathogen in cats, causing a range of clinical symptoms from mild respiratory infections to more severe systemic diseases.

Virology

Feline calicivirus is a small, non-enveloped virus with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. The virus is highly variable, with numerous strains that can differ significantly in their virulence and clinical manifestations. The genome of FCV encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved into several functional proteins, including the capsid protein that forms the virus's protective shell.

Transmission

FCV is primarily transmitted between cats through direct contact with infected saliva, nasal secretions, or ocular discharges. It can also be spread indirectly through contaminated objects such as food bowls, bedding, or human hands. The virus is stable in the environment, which facilitates its spread in multi-cat environments such as shelters and catteries.

Clinical Signs

The clinical signs of FCV infection can vary widely depending on the strain of the virus and the immune status of the host. Common symptoms include:

• Upper respiratory tract infection
• Conjunctivitis
• Stomatitis
• Oral ulceration
• Fever
• Lethargy

In some cases, FCV can cause a more severe systemic disease known as virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV), which can lead to multi-organ failure and death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of FCV infection is typically based on clinical signs and history. Laboratory tests such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation can confirm the presence of the virus. Serological tests can also be used to detect antibodies against FCV, although these do not distinguish between current and past infections.

Prevention and Control

Vaccination is the primary method of preventing FCV infection. The feline calicivirus vaccine is often included in the core feline vaccination schedule. Good hygiene practices and isolation of infected cats can help control the spread of the virus in multi-cat environments.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for FCV. Supportive care, including fluid therapy, nutritional support, and management of secondary bacterial infections, is the mainstay of treatment. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Related pages

• Feline viral rhinotracheitis
• Feline panleukopenia
• Feline immunodeficiency virus
• Feline leukemia virus