Vertical loop

Type of roller coaster element

Vertical loop

A vertical loop is a type of roller coaster inversion in which the track makes a 360-degree turn in a vertical plane, resembling a loop. This element is one of the most common inversions found on roller coasters and is often the first inversion that riders experience.

History

The concept of the vertical loop dates back to the late 19th century. The first looping roller coaster, the Flip Flap Railway, was built in 1895 at Sea Lion Park in Coney Island, New York. This early design featured a circular loop, which resulted in high g-forces that were uncomfortable for riders.

The Flip Flap Railway at Coney Island, one of the first looping coasters.

In 1976, the modern vertical loop was popularized by the Schwarzkopf-designed Revolution at Six Flags Magic Mountain. This design used a clothoid (teardrop-shaped) loop, which provided a smoother ride by reducing the g-forces experienced by riders.

Design

Vertical loops are typically designed in a teardrop shape, known as a clothoid loop. This shape allows for a gradual increase and decrease in g-forces, making the inversion more comfortable for riders. The loop begins with a steep ascent, followed by an inversion at the top, and then a descent back to the original track level.

The Shockwave coaster at Six Flags Over Texas, featuring a vertical loop.

Physics

The physics of a vertical loop involves the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy and vice versa. As the train ascends the loop, it slows down due to gravity, reaching its slowest point at the top. The train then accelerates as it descends, gaining speed and kinetic energy. The design of the loop ensures that the train maintains enough speed to complete the inversion without stalling.

Variations

While the traditional vertical loop is the most common, there are several variations, including the corkscrew, batwing, and cobra roll. These elements incorporate multiple inversions and complex track layouts.

A vertical loop on a roller coaster.

Notable Examples

- Revolution at Six Flags Magic Mountain - Shockwave at Six Flags Over Texas - Viper at Six Flags Magic Mountain

Cultural Impact

Vertical loops have become iconic symbols of roller coasters and are often featured in media and popular culture. They are a staple of thrill rides and are used to attract visitors to amusement parks.

A vertical loop on the California Screamin' coaster, featuring a Mickey Mouse silhouette.

Related pages

• Roller coaster inversion
• Roller coaster elements
• Schwarzkopf (manufacturer)

A vertical loop on the Walygator Comet coaster.

Vertical_loop

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  Shockwave coaster at Six Flags Over Texas
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  Flip Flap Railway
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  Vertical loop on a roller coaster
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  Mickey Mouse silhouette on California Screamin'
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  Walygator Comet looping