Urtica ferox

Species of plant endemic to New Zealand

Urtica ferox, commonly known as the tree nettle, is a species of nettle endemic to New Zealand. It is notable for its large size and the potency of its stinging hairs.

Description

Urtica ferox is a perennial shrub that can grow up to 5 meters in height. The plant is characterized by its woody stems and large, serrated leaves. The leaves are covered with numerous stinging hairs that can cause a painful sting upon contact. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, typically appearing in clusters.

Distribution and habitat

Urtica ferox is found throughout New Zealand, from lowland to montane regions. It thrives in forest margins, clearings, and disturbed sites. The plant prefers well-drained soils and can often be found in areas with high light availability.

Ecology

The stinging hairs of Urtica ferox serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores. The plant is an important component of its ecosystem, providing habitat and food for various insects and birds. The New Zealand red admiral butterfly (Vanessa gonerilla) uses Urtica ferox as a host plant for its larvae.

Toxicity

The stinging hairs of Urtica ferox contain a toxin that can cause a painful rash and irritation. In some cases, contact with the plant can lead to more severe symptoms, such as allergic reactions. It is advised to handle the plant with caution and protective clothing.

Cultural significance

In M_ori culture, Urtica ferox is known as "ongaonga". It has been used traditionally for its medicinal properties, although care must be taken due to its toxic nature.

Gallery

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  Close-up of the stinging hairs of Urtica ferox

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  Urtica ferox in early flowering stage

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  Habit of Urtica ferox

Related pages

• Urtica
• Urticaceae
• Flora of New Zealand

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  Urtica ferox

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  Urtica ferox needles

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  Urtica ferox early flowering

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  Urtica ferox habit