USB hub

USB Hub

A USB hub is a device that expands a single USB port into several so that there are more ports available to connect devices to a host system. USB hubs are often built into equipment such as computers, keyboards, monitors, or printers. When such a device has many USB ports, they are usually all connected to a single hub, internally.

A typical USB hub

Functionality

USB hubs can be powered or unpowered. A powered hub draws power from an external power supply and can provide power to connected devices, while an unpowered hub draws power from the host computer's USB port. Powered hubs are useful for devices that require more power than the host can provide, such as external hard drives.

Various ports on a USB hub

Types

Bus-powered hubs

Bus-powered hubs draw all their power from the host computer's USB interface. They are limited in the amount of power they can provide to connected devices, which can be a disadvantage when connecting power-hungry devices.

A bus-powered USB hub

Self-powered hubs

Self-powered hubs have their own power supply and can provide full power to each port. This makes them suitable for devices that require more power, such as external hard drives or other peripherals.

A powered USB hub with 7 ports

Internal Structure

Inside a USB hub, there is a controller that manages the data traffic between the host and the connected devices. The controller ensures that data is correctly routed to and from the appropriate devices.

Internal view of a USB hub

USB Standards

USB hubs support various USB standards, including USB 1.1, USB 2.0, USB 3.0, and USB 3.1. Each standard offers different data transfer rates, with USB 3.0 and later providing significantly faster speeds than earlier versions.

A USB 3.0 hub demo board

Applications

USB hubs are commonly used to connect multiple peripherals to a single computer, such as mice, keyboards, printers, and external hard drives. They are also used in networking to connect multiple devices to a single network port.

A modern USB hub with multiple connectivity options

Related Pages

References

"USB Hub." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, last visited October 2023.

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