Brachiocephalic artery

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The brachiocephalic artery, also known as the innominate artery, is a major artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck. It is the first branch of the aortic arch.

Anatomy

The brachiocephalic artery arises from the aortic arch and ascends obliquely to the right. It is approximately 4 to 5 cm in length. At the level of the upper border of the right sternoclavicular joint, it divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.

Branches

The brachiocephalic artery gives rise to two main branches:

• The right common carotid artery, which supplies blood to the right side of the head and neck.
• The right subclavian artery, which supplies blood to the right arm.

Function

The primary function of the brachiocephalic artery is to deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to the right arm, head, and neck. This is crucial for maintaining the function of these regions, including the brain and upper limbs.

Clinical significance

The brachiocephalic artery can be involved in various medical conditions, such as atherosclerosis, which can lead to stenosis or occlusion of the artery. This can result in reduced blood flow to the brain and upper limbs, potentially causing ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

See also

• Aortic arch
• Right common carotid artery
• Right subclavian artery
• Brachiocephalic vein
• Circulatory system