Tropane alkaloids
Tropane Alkaloids
Tropane alkaloids (pronunciation: troh-pane al-ka-loids) are a class of alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids are found in a number of plant species, most notably in the Solanaceae family.
Etymology
The term "tropane" comes from Atropa, the genus of the deadly nightshade plant, which is a rich source of tropane alkaloids. The suffix "-ine" is common in alkaloids and signifies their nitrogenous nature.
Chemical Structure
Tropane alkaloids are bicyclic compounds, composed of a seven-membered ring with a nitrogen atom and a three-membered ring. The most well-known tropane alkaloids are atropine, scopolamine, and cocaine, each of which has significant pharmacological activity.
Pharmacological Activity
Tropane alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological effects, due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system. They can act as stimulants, hallucinogens, or parasympatholytics, depending on the specific compound and dosage.
Medical Uses
Medically, tropane alkaloids are used for their anticholinergic properties. They can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory diseases, and certain types of poisoning. However, due to their potential for abuse and serious side effects, their use is strictly controlled.
Related Terms
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