Tropaeolum majus

Tropaeolum majus, commonly known as the garden nasturtium, Indian cress, or monks cress, is a flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, native to the Andes from Bolivia north to Colombia. It is widely cultivated, both as an ornamental plant and as a medicinal herb.

Description

Tropaeolum majus is a herbaceous annual plant with trailing stems that can grow up to 3 meters long. The leaves are large, nearly circular, and peltate, with a diameter of 3 to 15 cm. The flowers are 2.5 to 6 cm in diameter, with five petals, eight stamens, and a 2.5 cm spur. The flowers are typically bright orange, red, or yellow, and are known for their distinctive, sweet fragrance.

Cultivation

Tropaeolum majus is easy to grow and is often used in gardens for its bright, attractive flowers. It prefers well-drained soil and a sunny position, although it can tolerate partial shade. The plant is frost-sensitive and is usually grown as an annual in temperate climates. It can be propagated by seed, which should be sown in spring after the last frost.

Uses

Culinary

The leaves, flowers, and seeds of Tropaeolum majus are all edible and have a peppery taste similar to watercress. The leaves can be used in salads, the flowers as a garnish, and the seeds can be pickled and used as a substitute for capers.

Medicinal

Tropaeolum majus has been used in traditional medicine for its antiseptic and expectorant properties. It is believed to help with respiratory and urinary tract infections. The plant contains high levels of vitamin C and has been used to prevent scurvy.

Ecology

Tropaeolum majus is attractive to pollinators, particularly bees and butterflies. The plant's bright flowers and sweet nectar make it a popular choice for attracting wildlife to gardens.

Also see

• Tropaeolum
• Brassicales
• Medicinal plants
• Edible flowers