Translation (genetics)
Translation (genetics) is a process in Molecular Biology that involves the decoding of an mRNA (messenger RNA) sequence into a polypeptide or protein. The process takes place in the ribosome, a cellular structure that synthesizes proteins.
Pronunciation
- Translation: /trænsˈleɪʃən/
Etymology
The term "translation" comes from the Latin word "translatio", which means "to carry across". In the context of genetics, it refers to the process of carrying the genetic code from mRNA to a protein.
Process
Translation in genetics involves three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
- Initiation: This is the first step of translation. It involves the assembly of the ribosome, mRNA, and the first transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule at the start codon of the mRNA molecule.
- Elongation: This is the second step of translation. During elongation, amino acids are added one by one to the growing polypeptide chain. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, decoding its sequence and adding the corresponding amino acids to the polypeptide chain.
- Termination: This is the final step of translation. It occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA. The newly synthesized polypeptide is then released from the ribosome.
Related Terms
- Codon: A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or signals the end of translation.
- Anticodon: A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a corresponding codon in mRNA during translation.
- Amino Acid: The building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.
- Protein Synthesis: The process by which the genetic code in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Translation (genetics)
- Wikipedia's article - Translation (genetics)
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