Toga

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Toga

A toga is a distinctive garment of Ancient Rome, which was a roughly semicircular cloth, between 12 and 20 feet in length, draped over the shoulders and around the body. It was usually worn over a tunic. The toga was made of wool, and the tunic underneath was often made of linen.

History

The toga has its origins in the Etruscan civilization, which predated the Roman Republic. Initially, both men and women wore togas, but over time, it became a garment worn exclusively by Roman men. The toga was a symbol of Roman citizenship and was worn by citizens during public appearances and official functions.

Types of Togas

There were several types of togas, each signifying different statuses and occasions:

• Toga virilis (toga of manhood): Worn by adult male citizens.
• Toga praetexta: A toga with a purple border, worn by magistrates and freeborn boys before they reached adulthood.
• Toga candida: A bright white toga worn by candidates for public office.
• Toga pulla: A dark toga worn during periods of mourning.
• Toga picta: A richly embroidered toga worn by generals during triumphs and by emperors.

Cultural Significance

The toga was more than just clothing; it was a symbol of Roman identity and social status. The way a toga was worn and the type of toga indicated the wearer's social rank and role in society. For example, the toga praetexta was worn by magistrates and priests, signifying their authority and sacred duties.

Decline

The toga began to decline in popularity during the later periods of the Roman Empire. It was gradually replaced by more practical garments such as the pallium and the dalmatica. By the end of the Roman Empire, the toga had largely fallen out of use.

Related Pages

• Ancient Rome
• Roman Republic
• Roman Empire
• Etruscan civilization
• Roman clothing
• Pallium
• Dalmatica

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