Tin(II) chloride

Tin(II) chloride (also known as stannous chloride) is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. It forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. SnCl2 is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating. Tin(II) chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).

Properties

Tin(II) chloride is a strong reducing agent and is easily oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. Solid tin(II) chloride can be crystallized as a pentahydrate (SnCl2·5H2O), which is the form that is most commonly sold commercially. The anhydrous form is a crystalline solid that is colorless to slightly yellow.

Preparation

Tin(II) chloride can be prepared by the action of hydrochloric acid on tin, or by dissolving tin in concentrated hydrochloric acid and evaporating. It can also be prepared by the reaction of tin with chlorine gas.

Uses

Tin(II) chloride is used for tin-plating of steel, in the manufacture of tin cans, in textile dyeing as a mordant, and in making pigments. It is also used in the production of catalysts, used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and high performance resins.

Safety

Tin(II) chloride is not considered highly toxic, but it is an irritant to the eyes and skin, and if ingested or inhaled in large amounts can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

See also

• Tin(IV) chloride
• Tin
• Hydrochloric acid

References

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Tin(II) chloride

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  Tin(II) chloride

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  Structure of SnCl2

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  3D ball model of Tin(II) chloride crystal

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  Stephen reduction using SnCl2

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  Nitro reduction scheme with SnCl2