Tick paralysis

Tick paralysis
Synonyms	Ixodid paralysis, tick-bite paralysis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure
Complications	N/A
Onset	2-7 days after tick attachment
Duration	Hours to days after tick removal
Types	N/A
Causes	Neurotoxin from tick saliva
Risks	Tick bite, exposure to tick habitats
Diagnosis	Clinical evaluation, history of tick exposure
Differential diagnosis	Guillain–Barré syndrome, botulism, myasthenia gravis
Prevention	Avoidance of tick habitats, use of insect repellent, regular tick checks
Treatment	Removal of the tick, supportive care
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with prompt treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Tick paralysis is the only tick-borne disease that is not caused by an infectious organism. The illness is caused by a neurotoxin produced in the tick's salivary gland. After a prolonged feeding, the engorged tick transmits the toxin to its host. The incidence of tick paralysis is unknown.

Symptoms

The first symptoms typically begin in the lower extremities and can progress to paralysis. The most common symptoms include fatigue, numbness and an increasing inability to move. Some may experience more severe symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing and talking. If the tick is not removed, these symptoms can lead to respiratory failure and eventually death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on symptoms and a history of tick exposure. The symptoms usually subside within 24 hours of removing the tick.

Treatment

The treatment for tick paralysis is to locate and remove the tick. The tick should be removed by grasping it as close to the skin as possible, preferably using fine-tipped tweezers, and pulling it out with a steady motion. Other methods of removal are not recommended. The site of the bite should be cleaned and disinfected. The patient should be monitored for at least 24 hours for signs of paralysis.

Prevention

Prevention of tick paralysis is similar to that for other tick-borne diseases. It includes avoiding areas where ticks are common, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, checking for ticks and removing them promptly.

See also

• Tick-borne disease
• Paralysis
• Neurotoxin