Tick-borne encephalitis

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Tick-borne encephalitis (pronunciation: tik-born en-sef-uh-LY-tis) is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. The disease most often manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Long-lasting or permanent neuropsychiatric consequences are observed in 10 to 20% of infected patients.

Etymology

The term "Tick-borne" refers to the method of transmission, specifically through the bite of ticks, while "encephalitis" is derived from the Greek enkephalos (brain), and -itis (inflammation).

Transmission

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is transmitted to humans, primarily through the bite of infected ticks, either the Ixodes persulcatus or Ixodes ricinus species. It can also be contracted through the consumption of raw milk and dairy products from infected goats, sheep, or cows.

Symptoms

The disease has an incubation period of 7 to 14 days and is characterized by two phases. The first phase is associated with non-specific symptoms such as fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, and nausea. After a short remission of usually one week, the second phase begins with symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention primarily involves avoiding tick bites through the use of repellents, protective clothing, and vaccines. Treatment is supportive, as there is no specific antiviral treatment for TBE.

Related Terms

External links

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