Tarsal

Tarsal refers to a group of seven bones located in the foot, specifically in the area between the lower leg and the metatarsals. These bones are responsible for the foot's structure and movement. The tarsal bones include the talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiform bones, and the cuboid.

Anatomy

The tarsal bones are arranged in two rows. The proximal row is formed by the talus and the calcaneus. The distal row is formed by the navicular, three cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate, and lateral), and the cuboid.

Talus

The talus is the second largest tarsal bone and is crucial for weight-bearing and movement. It articulates with the tibia and fibula in the ankle joint.

Calcaneus

The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel. It supports the talus above and articulates with the cuboid in front.

Navicular

The navicular is boat-shaped and located in front of the talus.

Cuneiform Bones

The three cuneiform bones are wedge-shaped and located in front of the navicular. They are named for their location: medial, intermediate, and lateral.

Cuboid

The cuboid is cube-shaped and located in front of the calcaneus.

Function

The tarsal bones play a crucial role in the foot's structure and movement. They provide support and stability, allow for a range of motion, and help absorb shock.

Clinical Significance

Injuries or disorders affecting the tarsal bones can lead to foot pain and mobility issues. These include fractures, arthritis, and deformities.