TAS2R42

TAS2R42 is a member of the TAS2R (taste receptor, type 2) family, which is a group of G protein-coupled receptors responsible for the perception of bitterness in humans and other species. These receptors are found on the surface of taste receptor cells within the taste buds on the tongue. TAS2R42, like other members of the TAS2R family, plays a crucial role in the ability to detect bitter compounds, which can be important for avoiding the ingestion of potentially harmful substances.

Function

The primary function of TAS2R42, as with other bitter taste receptors, is to detect and signal the presence of bitter-tasting compounds. This detection mechanism is part of the body's natural defense system against the ingestion of toxic substances, many of which have a bitter taste. When a bitter compound binds to TAS2R42, it activates the receptor, which then initiates a signaling cascade through the associated G protein, leading to the perception of bitterness. This process helps individuals to recognize and, in most cases, avoid consuming harmful substances.

Genetics

The gene encoding the TAS2R42 receptor is located on chromosome 12 in humans. It is part of a larger gene family that includes numerous other taste receptors, each of which is tuned to detect different bitter compounds. The genetic diversity within the TAS2R gene family, including TAS2R42, contributes to the wide range of bitter tastes that humans can perceive and the individual variation in sensitivity to different bitter compounds.

Clinical Significance

Research into TAS2R receptors, including TAS2R42, has implications for understanding human nutrition and diet preferences. Variations in the genes encoding these receptors can influence an individual's taste perception and, consequently, their food choices. This can have broader implications for diet-related health issues, such as obesity and diabetes. Additionally, understanding how TAS2R receptors function could lead to the development of methods to modify or block bitter tastes, which could be beneficial in making certain medicines more palatable, especially for children.

See Also

• Taste receptor
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Bitterness
• Human genetics

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