Suprascapular canal

Anatomical structure in the shoulder region

The suprascapular canal is an anatomical passageway located in the shoulder region, which is significant for its role in transmitting the suprascapular nerve and suprascapular artery. This canal is formed by the suprascapular notch of the scapula and the overlying superior transverse scapular ligament.

Anatomy

The suprascapular canal is situated at the superior border of the scapula. It is bounded by the suprascapular notch inferiorly and the superior transverse scapular ligament superiorly. The canal serves as a conduit for the suprascapular nerve, which innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, and the suprascapular artery, which supplies blood to these muscles.

File:Suprascapular Canal Scheme Al-Redouan.png

Diagram of the suprascapular canal

Suprascapular Notch

The suprascapular notch is a semicircular indentation located on the superior border of the scapula, near the base of the coracoid process. It varies in shape and size among individuals, which can influence the risk of nerve entrapment.

Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

The superior transverse scapular ligament is a fibrous band that spans the suprascapular notch, converting it into a foramen. This ligament can ossify in some individuals, potentially leading to compression of the suprascapular nerve.

Function

The primary function of the suprascapular canal is to protect and transmit the suprascapular nerve and artery. The nerve is crucial for the motor innervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, which are part of the rotator cuff and play a vital role in shoulder movement and stability.

Clinical Significance

The suprascapular canal is clinically significant due to its association with suprascapular neuropathy. This condition can occur when the suprascapular nerve is compressed within the canal, leading to pain, weakness, and atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Causes of compression include variations in the shape of the suprascapular notch, ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament, and space-occupying lesions.

File:Suprascapular Canal Course Al-Redouan.png

Course of the suprascapular nerve through the canal

Surgical Considerations

In cases of suprascapular neuropathy, surgical decompression of the suprascapular canal may be necessary. This involves releasing the superior transverse scapular ligament to relieve pressure on the nerve. Understanding the anatomy of the canal is crucial for surgeons to avoid complications and ensure effective treatment.

Related Pages

• Suprascapular nerve
• Scapula
• Rotator cuff
• Shoulder joint