Sugars
Sugars
Sugars (/ˈʃʊɡərz/) are a type of carbohydrate that are sweet-tasting and play a crucial role in providing energy to living organisms. They are found naturally in most plants, but especially in sugarcane and sugar beet, which are the primary sources of sugar production.
Etymology
The word "sugar" is derived from the Sanskrit word "śarkarā," which means "ground or candied sugar." It came into the English language through the Arabic word "sukkar," the Italian word "zucchero," and the Old French word "sucre."
Types of Sugars
There are various types of sugars, including:
- Monosaccharides - These are the simplest form of sugar and include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
- Disaccharides - These are formed when two monosaccharides combine. Examples include sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and maltose (malt sugar).
- Polysaccharides - These are complex carbohydrates that consist of long chains of monosaccharide units. Examples include starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
Health Effects
While sugars are a necessary part of the diet, excessive consumption can lead to health problems such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. It is recommended to limit the intake of added sugars and consume them in moderation.
Related Terms
- Glucose - A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
- Fructose - A monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.
- Sucrose - Commonly known as table sugar and sometimes called saccharose. A white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste, it is best known for its role in human nutrition.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sugars
- Wikipedia's article - Sugars
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