Hip fracture

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Hip fracture
Synonyms	Femoral neck fracture, intertrochanteric fracture
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Pain in the hip or groin, inability to walk
Complications	Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pressure ulcers
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Osteoporosis, trauma
Risks	Old age, osteoporosis, falls
Diagnosis	X-ray, CT scan
Differential diagnosis	Hip dislocation, pelvic fracture
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgery, physical therapy
Medication	Pain management, anticoagulants
Prognosis	Varies, often good with treatment
Frequency	Common in the elderly
Deaths	N/A

X-ray of subtle compressive hip fracture

CT of subtle compressive hip fracture

T1 TSE MRI of hip fracture

Hip fracture classification

Hip fracture

Skin folds close to a hip fracture

Hip fracture

Hip fracture

Hip fracture incidence world map

Hip fracture is a serious injury that occurs when there is a break in the femur (thigh bone) near the hip joint. It is most commonly caused by falls or trauma, and is particularly common in older people due to osteoporosis.

Causes

Hip fractures are most often caused by a fall, particularly in older people. Other causes can include trauma such as a car accident, or a disease that weakens the bones, such as osteoporosis or cancer.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of a hip fracture include:

• Severe pain in the hip or groin
• Inability to move or lift the leg
• Swelling or bruising in the hip area
• Shortening of the leg or turning outward of the leg

Diagnosis

A hip fracture is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination and imaging tests. These can include X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs. In some cases, a bone scan may be used to identify stress fractures.

Treatment

Treatment for a hip fracture usually involves surgery to repair the break. This can involve using metal screws to hold the bone together (internal fixation), replacing part of the femur (partial hip replacement), or replacing the entire hip joint (total hip replacement). After surgery, physical therapy is often needed to help regain strength and mobility.

Prevention

Prevention of hip fractures involves reducing the risk of falls and treating underlying conditions that weaken the bone. This can include:

• Regular exercise to improve balance and strength
• Medication to treat osteoporosis
• Using assistive devices such as canes or walkers

See also

• Osteoporosis
• Fall prevention
• Physical therapy

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