Subcutaneous

Subcutaneous refers to the tissue layer that lies immediately beneath the skin. It is also known as the hypodermis, subcutis, or superficial fascia. The subcutaneous layer serves as a storage repository for fat and helps to insulate the body, regulate temperature, and protect the underlying muscles and other structures.

Structure

The subcutaneous layer is composed of a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages. It is rich in blood vessels and nerves that supply the skin and underlying tissues. The subcutaneous layer also contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles.

Function

The primary function of the subcutaneous layer is to store fat. This fat serves as an energy reserve, provides insulation, and cushions the body against trauma. The subcutaneous layer also plays a role in the regulation of body temperature. When the body is cold, the blood vessels in the subcutaneous layer constrict to conserve heat. When the body is warm, these blood vessels dilate to dissipate heat.

Clinical significance

The subcutaneous layer is often used as a route for the administration of medication. Subcutaneous injections can be used to deliver drugs such as insulin, vaccines, and allergy shots. The subcutaneous layer is also the site of liposuction, a cosmetic procedure that removes excess fat.

See also

• Dermis
• Epidermis
• Skin
• Adipose tissue

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