Strontium-90

Strontium-90

Strontium-90 test source in tin

Strontium-90 (Sr-90) is a radioactive isotope of the element strontium, with an atomic number of 38 and a mass number of 90. It is a byproduct of nuclear fission found in nuclear fallout and has significant implications in both environmental science and medicine.

Properties

Strontium-90 is a beta-emitting radionuclide with a half-life of approximately 28.8 years. It decays into yttrium-90, which is also radioactive. The beta particles emitted by Sr-90 have a maximum energy of 0.546 MeV, making it a significant source of radiation.

Occurrence

Strontium-90 is not found naturally in the environment. It is produced in nuclear reactors and during nuclear explosions. As a result, it is commonly associated with nuclear fallout and is a concern in the context of nuclear accidents and weapons testing.

Health Effects

Strontium-90 is chemically similar to calcium and can be incorporated into bones and teeth, where it can remain for extended periods. This property makes it particularly hazardous, as it can irradiate bone marrow and increase the risk of bone cancer and leukemia.

Uses

Despite its hazards, strontium-90 has several applications:

• Medical Applications: It is used in radiotherapy for treating certain types of cancer, particularly in the form of strontium-90 eye applicators for treating superficial eye conditions.
• Industrial Applications: Strontium-90 is used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) for providing power in remote locations.

Environmental Impact

The presence of strontium-90 in the environment is primarily due to past atmospheric nuclear tests. It can contaminate soil and water, entering the food chain and posing a risk to human health. Monitoring and remediation efforts are essential to manage its impact.

Related Pages

• Strontium
• Radioactive decay
• Nuclear fission
• Nuclear fallout
• Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

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