Stratum basale
Stratum Basale
The Stratum Basale (pronounced: STRAY-tum buh-SAY-lee), also known as the basal layer or basale stratum, is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the outer covering of the skin in mammals.
Etymology
The term "Stratum Basale" is derived from Latin, where "stratum" means "layer" and "basale" signifies "base" or "bottom". Thus, it refers to the base layer of the epidermis.
Definition
The Stratum Basale is a single layer of columnar or cuboidal basal cells. The cells are constantly dividing and pushing already formed cells into higher layers. As the cells move into the higher layers, they flatten and eventually die. The Stratum Basale also contains melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation.
Function
The primary function of the Stratum Basale is the generation of new cells. This continuous cell division helps in the regeneration of the skin, replacing the cells that are lost from the outer surface. The melanocytes present in the Stratum Basale produce melanin, a pigment that protects the skin from the UV rays of the sun.
Related Terms
- Epidermis: The outermost layer of the skin, composed of the Stratum Basale and other layers.
- Melanocytes: Cells located in the Stratum Basale that produce melanin.
- Melanin: A pigment produced by melanocytes that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes, and protects the skin from UV radiation.
- UV rays: Ultraviolet rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation that can cause skin damage and skin cancer.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Stratum basale
- Wikipedia's article - Stratum basale
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