Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Under the microscope, they appear round (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters.

The Staphylococcus genus includes at least 40 species. Most are harmless and reside normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms. Found worldwide, they are a small component of soil microbial flora.

Classification

The taxonomy of the genus has evolved over time. It now includes several synonyms and subspecies.

Pathogenesis and immunity

Staphylococci can cause a wide variety of diseases in humans and other animals through either toxin production or penetration. Staphylococcal toxins are a common cause of food poisoning, as they can be produced by bacteria growing in improperly stored food items.

Treatment

Staphylococci are resistant to heat and salt. They can survive on dry surfaces, increasing the chance of transmission. Some species of Staphylococcus are known to be resistant to standard antibiotic treatment, leading to the term methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

See also

• List of bacterial genera named after mythological figures
• Staphylococcal infection
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Staphylococcus saprophyticus

External links

• Staphylococcus on www.bacterio.net

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