Spinal fracture

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Spinal fracture
Synonyms	Vertebral fracture
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Back pain, numbness, weakness, paralysis
Complications	Spinal cord injury, kyphosis, chronic pain
Onset	Sudden, often due to trauma
Duration	Varies, can be acute or chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Trauma, osteoporosis, cancer
Risks	Osteoporosis, high-impact sports, falls
Diagnosis	X-ray, CT scan, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Muscle strain, herniated disc, spinal tumor
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Pain management, bracing, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on severity and treatment
Frequency	Common, especially in older adults
Deaths	Can be fatal if associated with severe spinal cord injury

CASH orthosis

Spinal fracture refers to a break in any of the bones of the vertebral column. This condition can lead to severe pain, disability, and neurological impairment. Spinal fractures can occur as a result of high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or fall from height, or due to conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis or cancer.

Types of Spinal Fractures

There are several types of spinal fractures, including:

• Compression fracture: This is the most common type of spinal fracture, often caused by osteoporosis. It occurs when the vertebrae compress or collapse, often in the lower back.
• Burst fracture: This type of fracture occurs when an extreme amount of pressure is placed on the vertebra, causing it to explode. Burst fractures are often seen in high-energy trauma and can result in pieces of the vertebra spreading out into the spinal canal.
• Flexion-distraction fracture: Also known as a Chance fracture, this type of fracture occurs when the vertebra is pulled apart, or distracted. This is often seen in car accidents where the upper body is thrown forward while the lower body is secured by a seatbelt.
• Fracture-dislocation: This is a severe type of fracture where the vertebra may move off an adjacent vertebra (dislocation). This can cause significant instability in the spine and potential neurological complications.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a spinal fracture can vary depending on the location and severity of the fracture. Common symptoms include:

• Severe back or neck pain
• Numbness or tingling in the limbs
• Weakness or paralysis
• Difficulty walking or standing
• Loss of bladder or bowel control

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a spinal fracture typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI. These tests can help determine the location and severity of the fracture, as well as any potential damage to the spinal cord or nerves.

Treatment

Treatment for spinal fractures depends on the type and severity of the fracture, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:

• Conservative treatment: This may include pain medication, bed rest, and physical therapy. Some fractures may also require a brace to stabilize the spine while it heals.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the spine and prevent further damage. This may involve the use of screws, rods, or plates to hold the vertebrae in place.

See Also

• Vertebral column
• Osteoporosis
• Trauma (medicine)

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