Solid-phase extraction

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a sample preparation process by which compounds that are dissolved or suspended in a liquid mixture are separated from other compounds in the mixture according to their physical and chemical properties.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ˈsɒlɪd feɪz ɪkˈstrækʃən/

Etymology

The term "solid-phase extraction" is derived from the process itself. The "solid-phase" refers to the solid medium (the sorbent or stationary phase) that is used to absorb or adsorb the compounds of interest. The "extraction" refers to the process of removing these compounds from the mixture.

Process

In SPE, the liquid mixture is passed through a column filled with a solid sorbent. The compounds of interest are retained on the sorbent, while the rest of the mixture is eluted. The retained compounds are then eluted from the sorbent using a different solvent or mixture of solvents.

Types of SPE

There are several types of SPE, including reversed-phase SPE, normal-phase SPE, ion-exchange SPE, and mixed-mode SPE. The type of SPE used depends on the properties of the compounds to be extracted and the nature of the liquid mixture.

Applications

SPE is widely used in many fields, including environmental analysis, pharmaceutical analysis, food and beverage analysis, and clinical analysis. It is particularly useful for the extraction of trace amounts of compounds from large volumes of liquid.

Related Terms

• Sorbent
• Elution
• Reversed-phase SPE
• Normal-phase SPE
• Ion-exchange SPE
• Mixed-mode SPE

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Solid-phase extraction
• Wikipedia's article - Solid-phase extraction

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