Solanum carolinense

Species of flowering plant in the nightshade family

Solanum carolinense, commonly known as Carolina horsenettle, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Solanaceae family. It is native to the southeastern United States but has spread to other regions, becoming an invasive species in some areas.

Description

Illustration of Solanum carolinense

Solanum carolinense is a perennial plant that can grow up to 1 meter in height. The plant is characterized by its spiny stems and leaves, which are covered with fine hairs. The leaves are alternate, simple, and lobed, resembling those of the tomato plant.

The flowers of Solanum carolinense are star-shaped and typically pale violet or white. They have five petals and are about 2.5 to 3 cm in diameter. The plant blooms from late spring to early fall.

Close-up of Solanum carolinense flower

The fruit is a berry, initially green and turning yellow as it matures. The berries are about 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter and contain numerous seeds.

Distribution and Habitat

Solanum carolinense is native to the southeastern United States but has spread to other parts of North America. It thrives in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, and pastures. The plant prefers sandy or loamy soils and can tolerate drought conditions.

Ecology

Ripe berries of Solanum carolinense

Solanum carolinense is a host plant for several insect species, including the Colorado potato beetle and the tobacco hornworm. The plant's spines and toxic alkaloids provide some defense against herbivory, but it is still consumed by certain insects.

The plant is also known to be toxic to livestock and humans if ingested, due to the presence of solanine, a glycoalkaloid poison.

Control and Management

Solanum carolinense is considered a noxious weed in many areas due to its invasive nature and toxicity. Control methods include mechanical removal, such as mowing or hand-pulling, and the use of herbicides. However, the plant's extensive root system can make eradication difficult.

Related Pages

• Solanaceae
• Invasive species
• Glycoalkaloid