Sodium azide

Sodium Azide

Introduction

Sodium Azide (chemical formula NaN3) is an inorganic compound known for its role in the automotive industry, particularly in legacy car airbag systems. This colorless salt is notable for being a gas-forming component and is also used in the synthesis of other azide compounds.

Properties and Structure

Sodium azide is an ionic substance composed of sodium (Na) and azide (N3) ions. It is highly soluble in water and has a distinct property of rapidly decomposing to form nitrogen gas when heated.

Crystal structure of Sodium Azide.

Uses

Airbags in Vehicles

The primary use of sodium azide has been in the automotive industry, where it rapidly produces nitrogen gas to inflate airbags upon impact. Airbags function by a quick decomposition of sodium azide under high temperatures.

Laboratory Uses

In laboratories, sodium azide is used in the preparation of other azide compounds. It also serves as a preservative in laboratory samples due to its bacteriostatic properties.

Health and Safety Concerns

Sodium azide is acutely poisonous and poses significant health risks. It can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or upon contact with skin. Proper safety measures and handling procedures are crucial when dealing with this compound.

Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of sodium azide, especially its role in airbag disposal, is a subject of concern. The compound can release toxic gases and has potential harmful effects on aquatic life.

Regulatory Status

Due to its toxic nature, the handling and disposal of sodium azide are regulated in many countries. Specific guidelines are provided for its safe use and disposal.

See Also

• Inorganic chemistry
• Toxicology
• Automotive safety

External Links

• CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sodium Azide
• EPA - Sodium Azide Factsheet.

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