Sister chromatid exchange

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Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE)

Sister Chromatid Exchange (pronunciation: sis-ter kro-ma-tid ex-change) is a process during which identical DNA sequences, that are initially paired following DNA replication, are broken and then recombined with each other.

Etymology

The term "Sister Chromatid Exchange" is derived from the words "sister", referring to the identical nature of the chromatids involved in the exchange, "chromatid", a term coined by German biologist Wilhelm Waldeyer in 1888 to describe each of the two threadlike strands of a chromosome, and "exchange", referring to the process of swapping segments between the two chromatids.

Process

During the cell cycle, after the DNA replication phase, each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids, known as sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are initially paired together. In the process of Sister Chromatid Exchange, these paired chromatids undergo a breakage and recombination process. This results in the exchange of identical DNA sequences between the two chromatids.

Significance

Sister Chromatid Exchange is a vital process in the maintenance of genetic stability. It plays a crucial role in the repair of DNA damage, particularly double-strand breaks. It also contributes to the process of genetic recombination, which is essential for genetic diversity.

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