Sensory processing

Sensory processing refers to the way the nervous system receives messages from the senses and turns them into appropriate motor and behavioral responses. It is a critical function of the human body that allows individuals to understand and interact with the world around them.

Overview

Sensory processing involves the reception, modulation, integration, and organization of sensory stimuli. It is a complex process that involves the brain and the nervous system. The process begins when sensory receptors in the body, such as the eyes, ears, skin, tongue, and nose, receive sensory information from the environment. This information is then sent to the brain through the nervous system, where it is processed and interpreted. The brain then sends signals back to the body to produce a response to the sensory input.

Sensory Processing Disorders

In some individuals, sensory processing does not occur in the typical or expected manner. This can result in a Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), a condition where the brain has trouble receiving and responding to information that comes in through the senses. SPD can affect people in only one sense, such as only in hearing or only in sight, or in multiple senses.

Types of Sensory Processing Disorders

There are three primary types of SPD: Sensory Modulation Disorder, Sensory-Based Motor Disorder, and Sensory Discrimination Disorder. Each type has unique characteristics and can affect individuals in different ways.

Sensory Modulation Disorder

Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD) is characterized by the individual's inability to regulate responses to sensory stimuli. This can result in over-responsiveness, under-responsiveness, or seeking/craving sensory stimulation.

Sensory-Based Motor Disorder

Sensory-Based Motor Disorder (SBMD) involves difficulties with balance, motor coordination, and the performance of motor tasks. Individuals with SBMD may appear clumsy or uncoordinated.

Sensory Discrimination Disorder

Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD) is characterized by difficulty interpreting qualities of sensory stimuli, such as intensity, duration, and spatial orientation. This can affect an individual's ability to perform tasks that require fine motor skills, such as writing or buttoning a shirt.

Treatment

Treatment for sensory processing disorders typically involves occupational therapy, which can help individuals learn to manage their sensory challenges and improve their ability to function in daily life. Other treatments may include physical therapy, speech therapy, and behavioral therapy.

See Also

• Sensory Integration
• Sensory Overload
• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder