Schwann cell

Schwann cell is a type of glial cell that are the principal neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system. Named after physiologist Theodor Schwann, these cells are involved in many important aspects of peripheral nerve biology.

Function

Schwann cells are vital to the functioning of the nervous system. They produce the myelin sheath, a fatty layer that covers the axons of the neurons. This sheath not only protects the axons but also helps to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses. Schwann cells also have a role in nerve development and regeneration.

Structure

Schwann cells are elongated, irregularly shaped cells that wrap around and insulate nerve fibers. They have a nucleus and a cytoplasm, but their most distinctive feature is the myelin sheath that they produce.

Clinical significance

Damage to Schwann cells can lead to a number of neurological disorders, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Guillain-Barré syndrome. In addition, Schwann cells are involved in the pathophysiology of some types of neuropathic pain.

Research

Research into Schwann cells is ongoing, with scientists investigating their role in nerve regeneration and their potential use in treating neurological disorders.

See also

• Neuron
• Myelin
• Nervous system

References

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