Schmutzdecke

Schmutzdecke is a hypogeal layer that forms on the surface of slow sand filter beds. It is a complex community of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rotifers and a range of aquatic insect larvae. The Schmutzdecke is the layer that provides the effective purification in potable water treatment, the underlying sand providing the support medium for this biological treatment layer.

Formation

The formation of the Schmutzdecke is time-consuming, as it relies on the growth and development of a complex community of microorganisms. The process begins with the colonization of the sand by bacteria, which form a biofilm on the sand particles. This biofilm attracts other microorganisms, including fungi, protozoa, and rotifers, which contribute to the development of the Schmutzdecke.

Function

The Schmutzdecke plays a crucial role in the purification of water in slow sand filters. It acts as a physical barrier, trapping particles and pathogens in the water. Additionally, the microorganisms in the Schmutzdecke break down organic matter in the water, further contributing to the purification process.

Maintenance

The Schmutzdecke requires regular maintenance to ensure its effectiveness. This typically involves scraping off the top layer of the Schmutzdecke to remove accumulated particles and pathogens. The removed layer is then replaced with fresh sand, allowing a new Schmutzdecke to form.

See also

• Slow sand filter
• Water purification
• Biofilm

References

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