Schirmer's test

Schirmer's test is a diagnostic procedure used to measure the production of tears in the eyes. It is named after the German ophthalmologist Otto Schirmer, who introduced the test in the late 19th century. The test is primarily used to diagnose dry eye syndrome, but it can also be used to detect other eye conditions.

Procedure

The Schirmer's test involves placing a small strip of filter paper under the lower eyelid. The paper is left in place for five minutes, and the amount of moisture absorbed by the paper is then measured. A measurement of less than 10 millimeters of moisture indicates a possible deficiency in tear production.

Types of Schirmer's Test

There are two types of Schirmer's test: Schirmer's I and Schirmer's II. Schirmer's I test measures the basal and reflex tear production, while Schirmer's II test measures the reflex tear production stimulated by nasal mucosa.

Interpretation

The results of the Schirmer's test can help diagnose dry eye syndrome and other conditions that affect tear production. A low score indicates that the eyes are not producing enough tears, which can lead to dryness, irritation, and other symptoms.

Risks and Complications

The Schirmer's test is generally safe and carries few risks. However, some people may experience temporary discomfort or eye irritation during the test. In rare cases, the test may cause a corneal abrasion.

See Also

• Dry eye syndrome
• Tear production
• Ophthalmology

References

• Schirmer O. Studien zur Physiologie und Pathologie der Tränenabsonderung und Tränenabfuhr. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Ophthalmologie. 1903;56(2):197–291.

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  Schirmer's test diagram

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  Schirmer's test result