Saponins
Saponins
Saponins (/səˈpoʊnɪnz/) are a class of chemical compounds found in particular abundance in various plant species. They derive their name from the soapwort plant (genus Saponaria), the root of which was used historically as a soap; saponis is Latin for "soap".
Etymology
The term "saponin" comes from the Latin saponis, meaning "soap," due to the soap-like foaming that occurs when saponins are shaken in aqueous solutions. The suffix "-in" is derived from the Latin -ina, used to form names of substances.
Types of Saponins
Saponins can be classified into two main types based on their molecular structure: steroidal saponins and triterpenoid saponins.
- Steroidal saponins are found in many plants, including the families Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Agavaceae. They have structures that are similar to steroid hormones.
- Triterpenoid saponins are found in a wide range of plants, including the families Leguminosae, Solanaceae, and Scrophulariaceae. They have structures that are similar to triterpenes.
Biological Role and Effects
Saponins have a wide range of biological roles in plants, acting as anti-fungal and anti-bacterial agents, and they can also deter herbivores. In humans, they have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their potential to lower cholesterol levels, reduce cancer risk, and improve immune function.
Related Terms
- Glycosides: A larger class of molecules that includes saponins. Glycosides are molecules in which a sugar is bound to a non-carbohydrate moiety.
- Phytochemicals: Chemicals produced by plants. Saponins are a type of phytochemical.
- Triterpenes: A type of molecule that forms the backbone of triterpenoid saponins.
- Steroids: A type of molecule that forms the backbone of steroidal saponins.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Saponins
- Wikipedia's article - Saponins
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