Sandifer syndrome
Sandifer syndrome (pronounced: san-dif-er sin-drome) is a rare pediatric medical disorder characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and abnormal movements. The syndrome is named after the British pediatrician, Paul Sandifer, who first described the condition in 1964.
Definition
Sandifer syndrome is a rare condition that primarily affects infants and young children. It is characterized by a combination of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and specific abnormal body movements, including torticollis (abnormal neck position), dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions), and other unusual postures or movements.
Symptoms
The primary symptoms of Sandifer syndrome include gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), which can cause heartburn, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The syndrome is also associated with abnormal movements, which can include spasms, neck twisting, and arching of the back. These movements are often mistaken for seizures, but are actually a type of dystonia.
Causes
The exact cause of Sandifer syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition that causes stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. The abnormal movements associated with the syndrome are thought to be a response to the discomfort caused by GERD.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Sandifer syndrome is typically based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, such as GERD and abnormal movements. Additional tests, such as an endoscopy or a pH monitoring test, may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for Sandifer syndrome primarily involves managing the symptoms of GERD. This can include dietary changes, medications to reduce stomach acid, and in some cases, surgery. The abnormal movements associated with the syndrome often resolve once the GERD is effectively treated.
Prognosis
The prognosis for individuals with Sandifer syndrome is generally good. With appropriate treatment, most individuals experience a significant reduction in symptoms and can lead normal lives.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sandifer syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Sandifer syndrome
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